Urban poor in India
Health of the Urban Poor in India: An Overview
Dr. Ray Nihar Ranjan
Dr. Makwana Nayan
Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar
Introduction:
As the world in the year 2008 there will be more number of people living in urban areas
areas than in rural areas. In fact, the century 20 saw a rapid growth of urban population. The coming decades will see an unprecedented scale of urban growth in the developing world
including those of Asian and African continents. The urban population of these two continents will double in a period of 30 years. Asia has witnessed dynamic growth triples, rapid urbanization and increasing poverty. While many Asian countries witnessed higher growth model of economic growth to create huge disparities between and within the United Nations. India has shared the model of growth and rapid urbanization of some of the fastest growing regions in Asia. The country has experienced nearly 8% GDP growth in the last two years and plans to achieve a growth target of 9% compared with the end of the period Plan 11. the urban population of India is also increasing at a faster rate than total population. With more than 575 million people, India has the 41% percent of its population living in cities in 2030 AD to the present level of 286 million euros and 28%. Economic development and urbanization are closely related. In India, cities contribute over 55% of GDP and urbanization has been recognized as an important component of the economy
growth. With India increasingly globalized and urban, there is also an increase in the number of poor people who live here. According to the latest NSSO survey reports more 80 million poor people living in cities and towns in India. The slum population is also increasing and in 2001 TcPO estimates, more than 61.80 million people lived in slums.
It is interesting to note that the proportion of urban poverty in some of the great states is higher than rural poverty leads to the phenomenon the "urbanization of poverty." Urban poverty posed the problems of housing and housing, water, sanitation, health, education, social security and media subsistence and the needs of vulnerable groups including women, children and the elderly. The poor living in slums are overcrowded, polluted and often the lack of civic amenities like drinking water, sanitation and health. Most of them are involved in informal sector activities, where there is a constant threat removal, relocation, confiscation of property and social security coverage almost non-existent. With increasing poverty and slums, cities in India have been struggling with the challenges of making the city be sustainable, inclusive, productive, efficient and manageable. The sustainability of urban development in India is considered in the context housing and slums, urban basic services, financing and governance of urban development and planning.
India began Eleventh Plan period with an impressive economic growth.
However, the incidence of urban poverty reduction will not accelerate the growth of GDP. In fact, urban poverty will become a major challenge for policy makers in our country, the urban population in the country is growing, so is urban poverty. Therefore, the need has arisen to develop new poverty reduction and approaches to tackle the multidimensional problems of urban poverty. To do so, national legislators and local levels should have a good understanding of the nature of urban poverty, as well as accurate data on the various issues surrounding it are related to the development of programs and policies for managing urban poverty in a systematic way. Report on urban poverty in India using a human development framework provides a good overview on various issues of urban poverty, as basic services to poor urban areas, migration, economy urban livelihoods, the microfinance sector for the urban poor, education and health, and non-unionized livelihoods.
Urban India: A Statistical Profile 2001
Urban population 28%
- Urban City No. 5161
- 35
Lyrics 38% Population
Indian urban slums and poverty Scenario
Slum population in 1991: 42 Milion
2001: 62 Milion
The Urban population growth: 1991 – 2001, 58 Milion
The population growth of slums: 1991 – 2001, 20 Milion
Poverty Scenario: BPL urban population 1973-74: 60 Milion
1999 – 2000: 67 Milion
Percentage of population living in poor neighborhoods of the city population (in percentage)
54 Mumbai
46 Faridabad
45 Aligarh
44 Meerut
43 Warangal
43 Amravati
37 Raipur
36 Nagpur
32 Kolkata
Urban India: the growth of slum population% of population
total growth of the population to ten years 25%
Decadal growth of the urban population 40%
Metro-decadal growth of population 79%
Decadal population growth of slums 70%
POPOULATION URBAN DISTRIBUTION
42.6 million people in the neighborhoods poor (2001) – 15% of the country's total urban population and 22.6% of the urban population of states union territories reporting slums.
640 cities and towns in 26 states and union territories in 2001 reported the population of the slums. Andhra Pradesh has the largest number of cities (77) followed by reports in the slums of Uttar Pradesh (69), Tamil Nadu (63) and Maharashtra (61).
Maharashtra 11.2 million followed by Andhra Pradesh Uttar Pradesh 5.2 4.4 and West Bengal 4.1 million
6 million children (0-6) in the slums (Maharashtra alone accounts for 1.6 million children in poor neighborhoods)
7.4 million (17.4%) of the total population belongs to the slums SC (castes) and one million (2.4%) to ST (tribes).
Source: Census of India 2001 Metadata and brief description of the Slum population definition Slum ~ ~ data About data slums Featured
Social indicators
Sex ratio of the total slum population is 876 (the corresponding non-slum urban population 905)
relationship sex of the children in the 0-6 age group is 919 in the slum population (Correspondent neighborhoods, rather than the urban population 904)
rate literacy in poor areas from 73.1% (male 80.7% and 64.4% women) against all non-slum urban literacy rate of 81.0% (male 87.2% and 74.2% women)
Sourse: Census of India 2001 Metadata and brief description on the definition of slum Slum neighborhood ~ About the data Highlights ~
Health Indicators
Neonatal, infant and under-5 mortality rates are considerably higher (one in 10 children born in urban poor families during the year are not intended to fifth birthday)
More than half of poor children in India are compelling and / Or failure to thrive (poor child malnutrition is worse in cities than in rural areas)
Approximately one third of poor urban children chronically malnourished (growth retardation -3)
Source: Health of Urban Poverty in India:
Script and current challenges USAID, Urban Health Resource Center
Access to the health of 2 million births each year among the urban poor
more than 50% of deliveries occur at home.
1.1 million mothers have not received adequate prenatal care before
1 million newborns tend to be low birth weight
Breastfeeding may delay some 1.6 million newborns
"Only 2 out of 5 urban poor children under 24 months to receive full immunization.
"About half of poor urban households do not receive water and about two-thirds have no toilets.
Source: Urban Poverty in India:
Script and challenges, USAID, urban health resources
NRHM Working Group on the model of urban health
Community-level activities in urban slums are being carried out mainly by volunteers Link and women's groups, with the support of the coordination of NGOs.
Volunteer Link (LV)
Women in the Health Committee
To expand the efforts of health promotion at the community and strengthen the process of sustainable communities, each bond to the volunteers is to promote one or more groups of women or a women's health committee in their own area goal (approximately 250-350 households).
National Center for Health Policy slum
i) Participatory Health Delivery
ii) The demand for health services:
iii) Partnerships with the private sector:
iv) to expand health insurance
v) Access to curative health care
Conclusion
This is clearly evident in the debate that all the health status of urban life in poor slums outside the region is the result of further reflection. Their health is poorer, while the rural population. The vulnerability of urban poor for poor health and noncommunicable diseases and strengthens its focus group and not ignored at all times by the Health Department and the municipality and the corporation. Therefore, a policy in particular should be there to meet your health promotion.
About the Author
Age:29 yrs sex; Male
Location; Bhubaneswar, India
Qualification:MBBS,PGDPHM
Intrest: Social Work & Public Health
Other Activitiies: Art, Poetry, Music
Breastfeeding: Episode 8 of 16
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